@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11,
  author = {Vesna Harni and Damir Babic and Suzana Ljubojevic Hadzavdic and Dubravko Barisic and Magdalena Karadza},
  title = {Chronic Vulvar Discomfort: Clinical Profiles, Pain Mapping, and Diagnostic Insights
},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {13},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20251303.11},
  abstract = {This study provides a comprehensive clinical evaluation of women with chronic vulvar discomfort (CVD), focusing on two primary conditions underlying these symptoms: vulvodynia and vulvar dermatoses. A total of 328 women were enrolled in the DATRIV study (Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Rings Vulvoscopy) and categorized into four clinical groups: asymptomatic women with a normal vulva, asymptomatic women with impaired vulvar skin, and symptomatic patients diagnosed with either vulvodynia or vulvar dermatosis. Each participant underwent structured symptom profiling, sexual activity assessment, and targeted pain localization using the cotton-swab (Q-tip) test, systematically applied across a novel three-ring anatomical model (outer, middle, and inner vulvar rings). Pain response was further mapped using a clock-face method. Dyspareunia severity was graded with the Marinoff Index, and potential symptom triggers were explored through standardized behavioral and environmental questionnaires. Clinical data were analyzed using StatSoft, Statistica 12, and SPSS 20. The Institutional Review Board of Polyclinic Harni approved the study, and all participants provided written informed consent. Findings showed that 100% of women with vulvodynia and 80.5% of those with vulvar dermatoses experienced dyspareunia (Marinoff grades 1–3), in contrast to only 1.3% of asymptomatic controls. Marinoff Index 2 (pain that occasionally prevents intercourse) was observed in 54.8% of vulvodynia and 52.9% of dermatosis patients. In comparison, Marinoff Index 3 (pain that completely precludes intercourse) was present in 15.1% and 26.5%, respectively. Pain mapping revealed that the inner vulvar ring, especially at 4, 6, and 8 o’clock, was the most pain-sensitive region in patients with vulvodynia, consistent with localized nociceptor hypersensitivity. Environmental and behavioral triggers—such as menstruation (54.9% in vulvodynia vs. 36.5% in dermatosis), tampon use (65.9% vs. 42.8%), urination-related discomfort (47.6% vs. 36.6%), cycling (61.9% vs. 47.4%), and tight clothing (reported symptom aggravation in 85.4% of vulvodynia patients vs. 46.3% of dermatosis patients)—were frequently identified, reflecting distinct trigger profiles between the conditions. This study highlights the diagnostic value of combining the Marinoff Index and cotton-swab test with structured pain mapping using the three-ring vulvar model and clock-face method. Together, these tools offer a reproducible and clinically meaningful framework for identifying vulvar pain phenotypes, enabling more individualized and effective therapeutic strategies for women with chronic vulvar pain syndromes.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chronic Vulvar Discomfort: Clinical Profiles, Pain Mapping, and Diagnostic Insights

AU  - Vesna Harni
AU  - Damir Babic
AU  - Suzana Ljubojevic Hadzavdic
AU  - Dubravko Barisic
AU  - Magdalena Karadza
Y1  - 2025/05/22
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 35
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20251303.11
AB  - This study provides a comprehensive clinical evaluation of women with chronic vulvar discomfort (CVD), focusing on two primary conditions underlying these symptoms: vulvodynia and vulvar dermatoses. A total of 328 women were enrolled in the DATRIV study (Diagnostic Accuracy of Three Rings Vulvoscopy) and categorized into four clinical groups: asymptomatic women with a normal vulva, asymptomatic women with impaired vulvar skin, and symptomatic patients diagnosed with either vulvodynia or vulvar dermatosis. Each participant underwent structured symptom profiling, sexual activity assessment, and targeted pain localization using the cotton-swab (Q-tip) test, systematically applied across a novel three-ring anatomical model (outer, middle, and inner vulvar rings). Pain response was further mapped using a clock-face method. Dyspareunia severity was graded with the Marinoff Index, and potential symptom triggers were explored through standardized behavioral and environmental questionnaires. Clinical data were analyzed using StatSoft, Statistica 12, and SPSS 20. The Institutional Review Board of Polyclinic Harni approved the study, and all participants provided written informed consent. Findings showed that 100% of women with vulvodynia and 80.5% of those with vulvar dermatoses experienced dyspareunia (Marinoff grades 1–3), in contrast to only 1.3% of asymptomatic controls. Marinoff Index 2 (pain that occasionally prevents intercourse) was observed in 54.8% of vulvodynia and 52.9% of dermatosis patients. In comparison, Marinoff Index 3 (pain that completely precludes intercourse) was present in 15.1% and 26.5%, respectively. Pain mapping revealed that the inner vulvar ring, especially at 4, 6, and 8 o’clock, was the most pain-sensitive region in patients with vulvodynia, consistent with localized nociceptor hypersensitivity. Environmental and behavioral triggers—such as menstruation (54.9% in vulvodynia vs. 36.5% in dermatosis), tampon use (65.9% vs. 42.8%), urination-related discomfort (47.6% vs. 36.6%), cycling (61.9% vs. 47.4%), and tight clothing (reported symptom aggravation in 85.4% of vulvodynia patients vs. 46.3% of dermatosis patients)—were frequently identified, reflecting distinct trigger profiles between the conditions. This study highlights the diagnostic value of combining the Marinoff Index and cotton-swab test with structured pain mapping using the three-ring vulvar model and clock-face method. Together, these tools offer a reproducible and clinically meaningful framework for identifying vulvar pain phenotypes, enabling more individualized and effective therapeutic strategies for women with chronic vulvar pain syndromes.

VL  - 13
IS  - 3
ER  - 

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